India's Leap into Space: 7 Groundbreaking Experiments on Axiom-4 Mission

The Axiom-4 mission is a historic mission  that brings together astronauts from India, Poland, and Hungary for the first time, representing a major leap in international cooperation in space exploration. Among the 60 science experiments onboard, seven are from India, carefully designed and selected to tackle fundamental challenges in space research. These experiments, conducted by Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, span three critical areas: agriculture and food security, biological adaptation, and technology optimization for space environments.Agriculture and Food Security1. Cultivating Indian Crops Beyond EarthThe Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is conducting an experiment to grow traditional Indian crops like methi (fenugreek) and moong (green gram) in microgravity conditions. By studying changes in growth patterns and gene activity, scientists aim to determine whether these crops can serve as reliable nutrition sources for extended space missions. This research has significant implications for future long-duration flights to Mars and beyond. 2. Unlocking the Potential of Space-Grown MicroalgaeThe International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB) and the National Institute of Plant Genome Research are collaborating on a study of edible microalgae in space. Microalgae like Spirulina and Chlorella are nutritional powerhouses that could provide multiple benefits in space, including nutrition, oxygen production, and waste recycling. Understanding how microgravity and space radiation influence their growth and genetic behavior is crucial for developing sustainable space habitats.3. Seeds that Travel to Space and BackThe Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) and the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University are jointly conducting an experiment to study the impact of microgravity on crop seed growth and yield characteristics. By analyzing the genetic changes and effects on nutritional content and associated microbes, scientists hope to unlock new possibilities for space-based agriculture.Biological Adaptation 4. Water Bears: Nature's Ultimate SurvivorsThe Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is studying tardigrades, microscopic creatures known for their extreme survival abilities. By observing how these creatures emerge from dormancy, reproduce, and develop in zero gravity, researchers aim to understand the secrets of extreme survival. This knowledge could benefit both space exploration and biotechnology development on Earth. 5. Muscle Recovery in the Final FrontierThe Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine is testing targeted nutritional supplements for muscle recovery in zero gravity. Understanding muscle deterioration in space and developing countermeasures is crucial for long-duration missions. This research could yield treatments for astronauts and patients with muscle-related diseases on Earth. 6. Nature's Life Support SystemIndian research institutions are investigating how cyanobacteria function in microgravity, with potential applications in life support systems. These organisms could produce oxygen, recycle nutrients, and support food production, making them ideal for self-sustaining space habitats.Technology Optimization for Space Living7. Designing Better Interfaces for SpaceResearchers will study changes in eye movement, focus, and hand-eye coordination when using electronic interfaces in microgravity. This human factors research aims to improve the design of computer systems for space environments, ensuring they are intuitive and comfortable for astronauts to use during critical operations.India's seven experiments on the Axiom-4 mission represent a significant step forward in space research, tackling fundamental challenges in agriculture, biology, and technology. By contributing to the development of sustainable food systems, understanding biological adaptation, and optimizing technology for space environments, India is writing the playbook for humanity's future beyond Earth. These experiments will not only benefit space exploration but also drive innovation on Earth, marking a new era in India's space research history.